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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">healthcare</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение. Healthcare</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">healthcare-194</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>В ПОМОЩЬ ПРАКТИЧЕСКОМУ ВРАЧУ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>AID OF THE PRACTICING PHYSICIAN</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Эффективность использования скрининг-теста для раннего выявления расстройств аутистического спектра у детей</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Effectiveness of a screening test for early identification of autistic spectrum disorders in children</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кудлач</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kudlatch</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шалькевич</surname><given-names>Л. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shalkevich</surname><given-names>L. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Литвинова</surname><given-names>О. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Litvinova</surname><given-names>O. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гринкевич</surname><given-names>К. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Grinkevich</surname><given-names>K. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Богдан</surname><given-names>Р. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bogdan</surname><given-names>R. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Поляков</surname><given-names>С. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Polyakov</surname><given-names>S. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Подоляк</surname><given-names>М. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pоdoliak</surname><given-names>M. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения Белорусского государственного медицинского университета</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Минский городской клинический центр детской психиатрии и психотерапии</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр медицинских технологий, информатизации, управления и экономики здравоохранения</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-4"><institution>3-я городская детская клиническая больница</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>7</issue><elocation-id>28—36</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Кудлач А.И., Шалькевич Л.В., Литвинова О.С., Новиков А.А., Гринкевич К.И., Богдан Р.И., Поляков С.М., Подоляк М.Ф., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Кудлач А.И., Шалькевич Л.В., Литвинова О.С., Новиков А.А., Гринкевич К.И., Богдан Р.И., Поляков С.М., Подоляк М.Ф.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kudlatch A.I., Shalkevich L.V., Litvinova O.S., Novikov A.A., Grinkevich K.I., Bogdan R.I., Polyakov S.M., Pоdoliak M.F.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/194">https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/194</self-uri><abstract><p>Ранняя диагностика расстройств аутистического спектра (РАС) является ключевым фактором в обеспечении своевременного вмешательства и улучшения долгосрочных исходов для детей с данной патологией. Разработка и валидация эффективных скрининговых инструментов для использования в первичном звене здравоохранения представляют значительный клинический интерес.Цель исследования. Оценить эффективность теста для ранней диагностики РАС, разработанного для применения в амбулаторно-поликлинических организациях здравоохранения.Материал и методы. В исследовании 2023—2024 гг. был проведен скрининг 1984 детей с использованием оригинального скрининг-теста, разработанного специалистами системы здравоохранения Республики Беларусь. Тест включал 24 вопроса, сгруппированных по шести шкалам: сенсорная сфера, эмоциональная сфера, зрительный контакт, социальное взаимодействие, речевое развитие, познавательная сфера. Результаты теста оценивали по шкале от 24 до 96 баллов с интерпретацией: 24—36 баллов — высокий риск РАС; 37—63 балла — средний риск, 64—96 баллов — низкий риск. Диагностическая ценность теста была оценена с использованием ROC-анализа с определением чувствительности, специфичности, положительной и отрицательной прогностической ценности.Результаты. Из 1984 обследованных детей у 64 (3,23 %) был клинически подтвержден диагноз РАС. Средний балл по тесту составил: в общей группе 76,16 (±13,14); в группе с РАС 30,31 (±4,05); в группе без РАС 77,69 (±13,14). Площадь под ROC-кривой (AUC) составила 0,9931, что указывает на отличную дискриминационную способность теста. Оптимальное пороговое значение для выявления РАС составляет 38 баллов с чувствительностью 100 % (95 % ДИ (100—100)) и специфичностью 97,60 % (95 % ДИ (96,92—98,29)). При стандартном пороговом значении высокого риска в 36 баллов тест показал чувствительность 96,88 % и специфичность 98,07 %, положительную прогностическую ценность 62,63 % и отрицательную прогностическую ценность 99,89 %.Выводы. Разработанный скрининг-тест демонстрирует высокую эффективность для раннего выявления РАС у детей раннего возраста. Оптимальным пороговым значением для клинической практики является 38 баллов, но стандартное пороговое значение в 36 баллов также обеспечивает хороший баланс между чувствительностью и специфичностью. Тест может быть рекомендован для широкого применения в амбулаторно-поликлинической практике как скрининговый инструмент первичной диагностики РАС. </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is a key factor in ensuring timely intervention and improving long-term outcomes for children with this pathology. The development and validation of effective screening tools for use in primary health care are of significant clinical interest.Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a test for the early diagnosis of ASD, developed for use in outpatient health care organizations.Materials and methods. In the 2023—2024 study, 1984 children were screened using an original screening test developed by specialists in the healthcare system of the Republic of Belarus. The test included 24 questions grouped into six scales: sensory sphere, emotional sphere, visual contact, social interaction, speech development and cognitive sphere. The test results were assessed on a scale from 24 to 96 points with the following interpretation: 24—36 points — high risk of ASD; 37—63 points — average risk; 64—96 points — low risk. The diagnostic value of the test was assessed using ROC analysis with determination of sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value.Results. Of the 1984 examined children, 64 (3.23 %) had a clinically confirmed diagnosis of ASD. The average test score was 76.16 (±13.14) in the overall group; 30.31 (±4.05) in the group with ASD; 77.69 (±13.14) in the group without ASD. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 0.9931, indicating excellent discriminatory ability of the test. The optimal threshold for detecting ASD is 38 points with a sensitivity of 100 % (95 % CI (100—100)) and a specificity of 97.60 % (95 % CI (96.92—98.29)). With a standard high risk threshold of 36 points, the test showed a sensitivity of 96.88 % and a specificity of 98.07 %, a positive predictive value of 62.63 % and a negative predictive value of 99.89 %.Conclusion. The developed screening test demonstrates high efficiency for the early detection of ASD in young children. The optimal threshold for clinical practice is 38 points, but the standard threshold of 36 points also provides a good balance between sensitivity and specificity. The test can be recommended for widespread use in outpatient practice as a screening tool for the primary diagnosis of ASD.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>расстройства аутистического спектра</kwd><kwd>ранняя диагностика</kwd><kwd>скрининг</kwd><kwd>ROC-анализ</kwd><kwd>эффективность</kwd><kwd>педиатрия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>autism spectrum disorders</kwd><kwd>early diagnosis</kwd><kwd>screening</kwd><kwd>ROC analysis</kwd><kwd>effectiveness</kwd><kwd>pediatrics</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) / American Psychiatric Association. — 5th ed. — Washington, 2013. — URL: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/ practice/dsm (date of access: 01.10.2024).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5) / American Psychiatric Association. — 5th ed. — Washington, 2013. — URL: https://www.psychiatry.org/psychiatrists/ practice/dsm (date of access: 01.10.2024).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). — Geneva : World Health Organization, 2022. — URL: https://www.who.int/news/item/11-02-2022-icd-11-2022-release (date of access: 11.02.2022).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">International Classification of Diseases, 11th Revision (ICD-11). — Geneva : World Health Organization, 2022. — URL: https://www.who.int/news/item/11-02-2022-icd-11-2022-release (date of access: 11.02.2022).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Prevalence and characteristics of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years — autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 Sites, United States, 2020 / M. 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