The article provides an overview of foreign and domestic literature on the assessment of the burden of demographic aging in the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia. The mechanisms of immune aging, which leads to an increase in the susceptibility of elderly and senile people to pathogens of infectious diseases, are revealed. The results of studies of the etiological structure and the epidemic process of community-acquired pneumonia in the elderly and their effect on comorbid (polymorbid) conditions are summarized. The trends of increasing demographic aging have been identified, which determine the formation of a new epidemiological model of morbidity, disability and mortality patterns, which requires adequate measures from the healthcare system aimed at maintaining active longevity of the population. An effective and economically affordable means of achieving «Health for all» is immunoprophylaxis, which reduces mortality from infections, increases life expectancy and ensures active longevity. In order to reduce morbidity and mortality from community-acquired pneumonia and associated comorbid conditions, the need to develop a strategy for vaccinating elderly and senile people against pneumococcal infection within the framework of the National Calendar of Preventive vaccinations for epidemic indications has been determined and scientifically substantiated.