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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">healthcare</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение. Healthcare</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65249/1027-7218-2026-2-30-36</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">healthcare-249</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Спиральная модель как методологическая основа реабилитации лиц с когнитивными расстройствами, проживающих в социальном пансионате психоневрологического профиля</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The spiral model as a methodological basis for the rehabilitation of individuals with cognitive disorders living in a social psychoneurological residential institution</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-6625-5750</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Корзун</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Korzun</surname><given-names>V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Корзун Василий Александрович – врач – психиатр-нарколог психоневрологического диспансера </p><p>Борисов</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2861-0829</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Емельянцева</surname><given-names>T. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yemelyantsava</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Борисовская центральная районная больница</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Белорусский государственный медицинский университет</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>30</fpage><lpage>36</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Корзун В.А., Емельянцева T.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Корзун В.А., Емельянцева T.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Korzun V., Yemelyantsava T.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/249">https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/249</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Теоретически и методологически обосновать применение спиральной модели реабилитационного процесса в качестве концептуальной основы для организации долговременной помощи лицам с когнитивными расстройствами, проживающим в социальном пансионате психоневрологического профиля (СППНП).</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Исследование носит теоретико-методологический характер. Ключевым методическим инструментом выступает логико-структурное моделирование, направленное на адаптацию спиральной модели Б. Боэма (B. Boehm, 1986) к специфике реабилитационного процесса в СППНП. В рамках моделирования определены этапы реабилитационного цикла, механизмы перехода между циклами, принципы управления рисками и критерии адаптации индивидуальных программ. Выводы основаны на анализе доказательств и нормативных требований, а не на эмпирических данных.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Показано, что традиционная линейная «этапная» модель реабилитации ограниченно применима в условиях СППНП из-за хронического характера психических заболеваний, длительности проживания и прогрессирующих когнитивных нарушений. Спиральная модель обеспечивает итеративность, цикличность и гибкую адаптацию программ к изменяющемуся состоянию проживающих. Каждый виток реабилитационной спирали включает этапы диагностики, планирования, реализации и мониторинга эффективности. Модель позволяет управлять рисками и учитывать неопределенность, связанную с прогрессированием когнитивных расстройств и сопутствующей патологией, а также интегрирует междисциплинарные и межсекторальные подходы. Адаптация модели согласуется с биопсихосоциальной парадигмой и международными рекомендациями. Спиральная модель может быть встроена в существующие регламенты Республики Беларусь, что делает ее применимой для практического использования. Определены ключевые условия реализации модели: необходимость межсекторальной реабилитационной бригады, регулярной диагностики, системного документирования и оценки динамики в соответствии с международными стандартами. Выявлены ограничения, связанные с ресурсами и рисками профессионального выгорания.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Спиральная модель реабилитационного процесса представляет собой методологически обоснованный и практически целесообразный подход к организации долговременной помощи в СППНП. Модель обеспечивает непрерывность, гибкость, персонализированность, риск-ориентированность реабилитационного процесса и соответствует биопсихосоциальной модели функционирования. Применение данной модели способствует формированию системной, динамической и междисциплинарной стратегии реабилитации, направленной на поддержание максимально возможного функционирования и качества жизни проживающих. Разработанная концепция может служить основой для последующих эмпирических, клинических и прикладных исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To provide a theoretical and methodological justification for the application of the spiral model of the rehabilitation process as a conceptual framework for organizing long-term care for individuals with cognitive disorders residing in social psychoneurological residential institutions.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. The study is theoretical and methodological in nature. The key methodological tool is logical and structural modeling aimed at adapting the spiral model proposed by B. Boehm (1986) to the specific context of the rehabilitation process in psychoneurological residential institutions. The modeling defines the stages of the rehabilitation cycle, mechanisms for transition between cycles, principles of risk management, and criteria for adapting individual rehabilitation programs. The conclusions are based on the analysis of scientific evidence and regulatory requirements rather than empirical data.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It is demonstrated that the traditional linear, stage-based rehabilitation model has limited applicability in psychoneurological residential institutions due to the chronic nature of mental illnesses, long-term residence, and progressive cognitive decline. The spiral model ensures iterativity, cyclicality, and flexible adaptation of rehabilitation programs to the changing conditions of residents. Each turn of the rehabilitation spiral includes stages of assessment, planning, implementation, and monitoring of effectiveness. The model enables risk management and consideration of uncertainty related to the progression of cognitive disorders and comorbid conditions,  while also integrating interdisciplinary and intersectoral approaches. The adapted model aligns with the biopsychosocial paradigm and international recommendations and can be incorporated into the existing regulatory framework of the Republic of Belarus, making it suitable for practical implementation. Key conditions for implementation are identified, including the need for an intersectoral rehabilitation team, regular assessments, systematic documentation, and evaluation of dynamics in accordance with international standards. Limitations related to resource constraints and the risk of professional burnout are also identified.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The spiral model of the rehabilitation process represents a methodologically grounded and practically feasible approach to organizing long-term care in psychoneurological residential institutions. It ensures continuity, flexibility, personalization, and a riskoriented approach to rehabilitation and is consistent with the biopsychosocial model of functioning. The application of this model contributes to the development of a systemic, dynamic, and interdisciplinary rehabilitation strategy aimed at maintaining the highest possible level of functioning and quality of life of residents. The proposed concept may serve as a foundation for further empirical, clinical, and applied research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>социальный пансионат психоневрологического профиля</kwd><kwd>реабилитация</kwd><kwd>спиральная модель</kwd><kwd>межсекторальная реабилитационная бригада</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>psychoneurological residential institution</kwd><kwd>rehabilitation</kwd><kwd>spiral model</kwd><kwd>intersectoral rehabilitation team</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Quality of care in long-term care departments in mental health facilities across the Czech Republic / L. Kalisova, M. Pav, P. Winkler [et al.] // European Journal of Public Health. – 2018. – Vol. 28, № 5. – P. 885–890.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kalisova L., Pav M., Winkler P., et al. 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