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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">healthcare</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение. Healthcare</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65249/1027-7218-2026-5-29-39</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">healthcare-292</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ассоциации материнской патологии и заболеваний у недоношенных детей первого года жизни: регистровый анализ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Associations between maternal pathology and morbidity in preterm infants during the first year of life: a registry-based analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-1703</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симченко</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simchenko</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Симченко Анна Валерьевна – к. м. н., доцент, зав. мониторинговым информационно-методическим отделением детского здоровья, руководитель Республиканского центра катамнеза недоношенных детей</p><p>ул. Орловская, 66, 220053, г. Минск</p><p>Сл. тел. +375 17 233-52-26</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Улезко</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ulezko</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4150-282X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Красько</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasko</surname><given-names>O.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Красько Ольга Владимировна</p><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2859-0244</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Асирян</surname><given-names>Е. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Asiryan</surname><given-names>E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Асирян Елена Геннадьевна</p><p>Витебск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Крастелева</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krasteleva</surname><given-names>I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Республиканский научно-практический центр «Мать и дитя»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Объединенный институт проблем информатики Национальной академии наук Беларуси</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>Витебский государственный ордена Дружбы народов медицинский университет</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>5</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>39</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симченко А.В., Улезко Е.А., Красько О.В., Асирян Е.Г., Крастелева И.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симченко А.В., Улезко Е.А., Красько О.В., Асирян Е.Г., Крастелева И.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simchenko A., Ulezko E., Krasko O., Asiryan E., Krasteleva I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/292">https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/292</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Цель исследования</title><p>Цель исследования. Оценить ассоциации между состоянием здоровья матери, осложнениями течения беременности и риском развития заболеваний, вносящих наибольший вклад в инвалидизацию, у недоношенных детей в течение первого года жизни на основе данных национального регистра.</p></sec><sec><title>Материал и методы</title><p>Материал и методы. Проведено аналитическое поперечное регистровое исследование с использованием обезличенных данных национального регистра недоношенных детей Республики Беларусь. В анализ включены сведения о 2660 недоношенных детях и их матерях, находившихся под катамнестическим наблюдением. Оценивались ассоциации между материнской и гестационной патологией и развитием бронхолегочной дисплазии, ретинопатии недоношенных, заболеваний центральной нервной системы, задержки развития и анемии недоношенных. Ассоциации анализировались с расчетом относительного риска и 95%-го доверительного интервала; применялись критерий χ² Пирсона и точный критерий Фишера, уровень значимости p &lt; 0,05.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты</title><p>Результаты. Анализ показал, что ключевые нозологические формы у недоношенных детей формируются в условиях различающихся антенатальных профилей риска, отражающих неоднородность механизмов неблагоприятного внутриутробного воздействия. Бронхолегочная дисплазия преимущественно ассоциирована с инфекционно-воспалительными и гипоксическими факторами беременности, включая хориоамнионит и анемию матери. Для ретинопатии недоношенных характерен сосудисто-метаболический профиль риска, связанный с сердечно-сосудистой и эндокринной патологией матери, а также с нарушениями плацентарной перфузии. Заболевания центральной нервной системы и задержка развития демонстрируют мультифакторный характер ассоциаций с наиболее широким спектром материнских и гестационных факторов. Анемия недоношенных ассоциирована с материнскими дефицитными состояниями и инфекционными осложнениями беременности.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Полученные результаты позволяют рассматривать выделение клинико-ориентированных профилей риска как практический инструмент планирования антенатального и последующего катамнестического наблюдения недоношенных детей.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objective</title><p>Objective. To assess associations between maternal health status, pregnancy complications, and the risk of developing major morbidities contributing to disability in preterm infants during the first year of life using national registry data.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and methods</title><p>Materials and methods. An analytical cross-sectional registry-based study was conducted using anonymized data from the National Registry of Preterm Infants of the Republic of Belarus. The analysis included data on 2,660 preterm infants and their mothers who were under follow-up in 2023. Associations between maternal and gestational pathology and the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia, retinopathy of prematurity, central nervous system disorders, developmental delay, and anemia of prematurity were evaluated. Associations were analyzed by calculating relative risks with 95 % confidence intervals; Pearson’s chi-square test and Fisher’s exact test were applied. A p-value &lt; 0.05 was considered statistically significant.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The analyzed morbidities were found to develop within distinct antenatal risk profiles. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia was predominantly associated with infectious-inflammatory and hypoxic pregnancy-related factors, including chorioamnionitis and maternal anemia. Retinopathy of prematurity demonstrated a vascular-metabolic risk profile associated with maternal cardiovascular and endocrine disorders, as well as impaired placental perfusion. Central nervous system disorders and developmental delay exhibited a multifactorial pattern, being associated with the broadest range of maternal and gestational factors. Anemia of prematurity was associated with maternal deficiency states and infectious pregnancy complications.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. The findings support the identification of clinically oriented risk profiles for morbidity in preterm infants and substantiate the need for risk-stratified antenatal care and targeted follow-up to reduce disability.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>недоношенные дети</kwd><kwd>преждевременные роды</kwd><kwd>бронхолегочная дисплазия</kwd><kwd>ретинопатия недоношенных</kwd><kwd>поражение центральной нервной системы</kwd><kwd>антенатальные факторы риска</kwd><kwd>регистр</kwd><kwd>прогноз</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>preterm infants</kwd><kwd>preterm birth</kwd><kwd>bronchopulmonary dysplasia</kwd><kwd>retinopathy of prematurity</kwd><kwd>central nervous system injury</kwd><kwd>antenatal risk factors</kwd><kwd>registry</kwd><kwd>prognosis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">National, regional, and global estimates of preterm birth in 2020, with trends from 2010 : a systematic analysis / E. 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