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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">healthcare</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение. Healthcare</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.65249/1027-7218-2026-6-28-37</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">healthcare-306</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОБЩЕСТВЕННОЕ ЗДОРОВЬЕ И ЗДРАВООХРАНЕНИЕ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PUBLIC HEALTH AND HEALTHCARE</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Изменение характеристик эпидемических волн COVID-19 в Республике Беларусь в 2020–2022 гг.</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Changes in the characteristics of COVID-19 epidemic waves in the Republic of Belarus, 2020–2022</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8212-1129</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дашкевич</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashkevich</surname><given-names>A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дашкевич Алла Михайловна – заместитель главного врача по эпидемиологии</p><p>Ул. К. Цеткин, 4, 220004, г. Минск Сл. тел. +375 17 374-42-33</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4837-5181</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Коломиец</surname><given-names>Н. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kolomiets</surname><given-names>N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Коломиец Наталья Дмитриевна</p><p>Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>Республиканский центр гигиены, эпидемиологии и общественного здоровья</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>Институт повышения квалификации и переподготовки кадров здравоохранения УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>08</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>28</fpage><lpage>37</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дашкевич А.М., Коломиец Н.Д., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дашкевич А.М., Коломиец Н.Д.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dashkevich A., Kolomiets N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/306">https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/306</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования. Определить структурные особенности эпидемических волн COVID-19 в Республике Беларусь в 2020–2022 гг.Материал и методы. Проведено ретроспективное описательно-аналитическое исследование динамики заболеваемости COVID-19 на основании агрегированных официальных статистических данных за период с 28 февраля 2020 г. по 8 мая 2022 г. Выделение эпидемических волн осуществлялось на основе анализа недельных показателей заболеваемости. Для их характеристики рассчитывались продолжительность, максимальный и средний уровни заболеваемости, коэффициенты соотношения пикового и среднего уровней, интенсивности подъема, интегральная эпидемическая нагрузка, а также расчетный показатель репродукции (R).Результаты. Установлено, что эпидемический процесс характеризовался последовательной сменой четырех эпидемических волн. Показано увеличение пикового уровня заболеваемости с 71,4 до 583,7 случая и среднего уровня с 37,1 до 134,3 случая на 100 000 населения при одновременном сокращении продолжительности волн с 45 до 17 нед. Максимальная интегральная эпидемическая нагрузка формировалась во время второй (3699,0) и третьей (3133,2) волн. Выявлено последовательное изменение соотношения динамики COVID-19 и острых респираторных инфекций – от разнонаправленности до совпадения временной структуры. Средние значения R снижались с 2,4 до 1,0 и не коррелировали с интенсивностью эпидемических подъемов.Заключение. Трансформация эпидемического процесса COVID-19 проявлялась в изменении конфигурации эпидемических волн, сокращении их продолжительности при росте интенсивности и сближении динамики с сезонной циркуляцией респираторных инфекций, что обосновывает возможность его эпидемиологического слежения в рамках существующей системы мониторинга острых респираторных инфекций.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective. To determine the structural features of COVID-19 epidemic waves in the Republic of Belarus in 2020–2022.Materials and methods. A retrospective descriptive-analytical study of COVID-19 incidence dynamics was conducted using aggregated official statistical data from February 28, 2020 to May 8, 2022. Epidemic waves were identified based on weekly incidence trends. The following indicators were calculated: duration of epidemic waves, peak and mean incidence rates (per 100,000 population), peak-to-mean ratio, intensity coefficient, cumulative epidemic burden, as well as the calculated reproduction number (R).Results. Four consecutive epidemic waves were identified. Peak incidence increased from 71.4 to 583.7 per 100,000 population, while mean incidence rose from 37.1 to 134.3 per 100,000 population. At the same time, the duration of epidemic waves decreased from 45 to 17 weeks. The highest cumulative epidemic burden was observed during the second (3699.0) and third (3133.2) waves. A progressive shift in the relationship between COVID-19 and acute respiratory infections was identified, from discordant dynamics in the first wave to near-complete temporal alignment in the fourth wave. The mean values of the estimated reproduction number decreased from 2.4 to 1.0 and did not correlate with the intensity of epidemic peaks.Conclusion. The transformation of the COVID-19 epidemic process manifested as changes in the configuration of epidemic waves, a reduction in their duration alongside increasing intensity, and convergence with the seasonal circulation patterns of respiratory infections, thereby substantiating the feasibility of its epidemiological surveillance within the existing monitoring system for acute respiratory infections.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>эпидемические волны</kwd><kwd>структурная трансформация</kwd><kwd>популяционный иммунитет</kwd><kwd>эпидемическая нагрузка</kwd><kwd>расчетный показатель репродукции</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>COVID-19</kwd><kwd>epidemic waves</kwd><kwd>structural transformation</kwd><kwd>population immunity</kwd><kwd>epidemic burden</kwd><kwd>calculated reproduction number</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic // WHO. – 2023. – URL: https://www.who.int/europe/emergencies/situations/covid-19 (date of access: 14.03.2026).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">WHO. 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