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<article article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">healthcare</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Здравоохранение. Healthcare</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Healthcare</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">1027-7218</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Medical Technologies, Informatization, Management and Health Economics</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">healthcare-90</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ЛЕКЦИИ И ОБЗОРЫ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>LECTURES AND REVIEWS</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Этиология, патогенез, клиника и диагностика кератоконуса (обзор литературы)</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Еtiology, pathogenesis, clinical picture and diagnosis of keratoconus (literature review)</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Столярова</surname><given-names>Л. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Stolyarova</surname><given-names>L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Столярова Любовь Александровна — врач-офтальмолог офтальмологического консультативно-диагностического отделенияУл. Уборевича, 73, 220096, г. МинскСл. тел. +375 17 340-60-49</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Имшенецкая</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Imshanetskaya</surname><given-names>T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абельский</surname><given-names>Д. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Abelski</surname><given-names>D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>г. Минск</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-1"><institution>10-я городская клиническая больница</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-2"><institution>ИПК и ПКЗ УО «Белорусский государственный медицинский университет»</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><aff xml:lang="ru" id="aff-3"><institution>ООО «МедВайз» — Центр михрохирургии глаза VOKA</institution><country>Belarus</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>09</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>6</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>49</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Столярова Л.А., Имшенецкая Т.А., Абельский Д.Е., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Столярова Л.А., Имшенецкая Т.А., Абельский Д.Е.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Stolyarova L., Imshanetskaya T., Abelski D.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/90">https://healthcare.ejournal.by/jour/article/view/90</self-uri><abstract><p>   Кератоконус — прогрессирующее двухстороннее асимметричное, генетически детерминированное дегенеративно-дис-трофическое заболевание роговицы, которое приводит к истончению и снижению локальной биомеханической прочностироговицы. Изменение формы роговицы приводит к нарушению рефракции и иррегулярному астигматизму, выраженномуснижению зрения и невозможности коррекции очками или мягкими контактными линзами. Происходят ухудшение каче-ства жизни пациента, его социальная дезадаптация и ограничение в профессиональной деятельности.   Традиционно это состояние описывалось как невоспалительное заболевание, однако в последнее время все чаще в этио-логию развития кератоконуса включают воспалительный фактор. Кератоконус обычно развивается во втором и треть-ем десятилетиях жизни и прогрессирует до четвертого десятилетия. Это заболевание затрагивает представителейвсех национальностей и обоих полов. По оценкам, распространенность и заболеваемость кератоконусом на 100 000 чело-век в год составляют от 0,2 до 4790 и 1,5 и 25 случаев соответственно, при этом самые высокие показатели обычно на-блюдаются у людей в возрасте от 20 до 30 лет. Факторами риска развития заболевания являются семейный анамнез кера-токонуса, трение глаз, экзема, астма и аллергия. Обнаружение кератоконуса на самых ранних стадиях остается сложнойзадачей. Кератотопография и пахиметрия роговицы, выполненные на Шаймпфлюг-камере, являются основным диагности-ческим инструментом для выявления кератоконуса. Однако в начальных стадиях использование одного критерия для диа-гностики кератоконуса недостаточно, и в дополнение к кератотопографии роговицы в настоящее время обычно осущест-вляют оптическую когерентную томографию роговицы, исследования биомеханики и применяют данные аберрометрии.   В статье представлен обзор литературы.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>   Keratoconus is a bilateral, progressive, asymmetric, genetically determined, degenerative-dystrophic disease of the cornea, which leads to thinning and a decrease in the local biomechanical strength of the cornea. Changes in the shape of the cornea lead to refractive errors and irregular astigmatism, a pronounced decrease in vision and the impossibility of selecting correction with glasses or soft contact lenses. There is a deterioration in the patient’s quality of life, his social maladjustment and limitation in professional activity.   Traditionally, the condition has been described as a non-inflammatory disorder; however, inflammatory factors have increasingly been implicated in the etiology of keratoconus. Keratoconus typically develops in the second and third decades of life and progresses into the fourth decade. The condition affects all ethnicities and both sexes. The prevalence and incidence of keratoconus are estimated to be between 0.2 and 4790 per 100,000 persons and 1.5 and 25 cases per 100,000 persons per year, respectively, with the highest rates typically occurring in people aged 20 to 30 years. Risk factors for the development of keratoconus include a family history of keratoconus, eye rubbing, eczema, asthma, and allergies. Detection of keratoconus in its earliest stages remains challenging. Corneal keratotopography and pachymetry performed on a Scheimpflug camera are the main diagnostic tools for detecting keratoconus. However, in the early stages, using a single criterion to diagnose keratoconus is insufficient, and corneal keratotopography is now commonly supplemented by corneal OCT, biomechanical studies, and aberrometry data.   This article provides a literature review.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кератоконус</kwd><kwd>кросслинкинг роговицы</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>кератотопография</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>keratoconus</kwd><kwd>corneal crosslinking</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>keratopography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sinjab, M. M. Keratoconus : a historical and prospective review / M. M. Sinjab // Oman Journal of Ophthalmology. — 2023. — Vol. 16, № 3. — P. 401—414.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sinjab, M. M. Keratoconus : a historical and prospective review / M. M. 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