Мedical habilitation of premature children

Abstract

Objective. To improve the effectiveness of medical habilitation of premature infants by developing a set of medical habilitation (MH) measures in the neonatal period and infancy, to evaluate the effectiveness and impact on neurodevelopmental outcomes at the corrected age of 2 years.

Materials and methods. The object of the study is premature infants with a gestation period of 26—36 weeks. The study included 212 premature infants. Two groups were formed: group 1 —patients, who underwent MH in accordance with the main directions of the developed methodology in full (n = 89); group 2 — patients, who underwent MH in accordance with standard approaches (n = 123). A cohort prospective longitudinal comparative study was conducted.

Results. A multimodal complex MH of premature infants, starting in the first months of postnatal life, was developed. The results showed that in the group 1 at the age of 2 years, in 71.9 % (64/89) cases, children had normal motor, locomotor, speech, and mental development, compared with a similar indicator in the group 2 — 5.7 % (7/123). It has been shown that the use of the developed MH method for premature infants reduces the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders at the age of 2 years by 12.5 times (OR = 12.5, 95 % CI (6.03—23.03); pFisher < 0.001), compared to the group 2, in which children received standard medical rehabilitation.

Conclusion. An effective method of complex MA for premature infants with multi-vector impact aimed at activating the functioning of the body systems of a premature infant that have the maximum risk of impairment due to prematurity and perinatal damage to the central nervous system has been developed. The absence of adverse events confirms the safety of use with the onset in the neonatal period.