This article conducts an analysis of risk scores for total cardiovascular risk assessment in the general population. Currently, a plethora of prognostic models for evaluating cardiovascular risk are available, especially for middle-aged and elderly individuals. Considering the latest recommendations, it is optimal to use SCORE2 and SCORE2-OP risk scores for total cardiovascular risk assessment in the general population and SCORE2-Diabetes – for patients with type 2 diabetes. Predicting cardiovascular risk in young individuals is a challenging task, as most risk scores are limited to those aged 40 and above. To date, for the estimation of total 10-year cardiovascular risk in individuals under 40, the following risk scores could be used: the modified Framingham scale 2008 (from age 30) and QRISK3 (from age 25) which are not yet validated in the Republic of Belarus. Conducting validation of risk score for cardiovascular risk assessment in young individuals is an important scientific and clinical task considering the excess cardiovascular morbidity within this demographic.

Objective. To analyze the dynamics of epidemiological indicators of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the Republic of Belarus from 2014 to 2024 and to determine its place within the structure of pediatric ophthalmopathology and surgical activity.
Material and methods. A retrospective analysis of statistical data on ROP was conducted based on reports from freelance pediatric ophthalmology specialists and data from the State Institution “Republican Scientific and Practical Center 'Mother and Child'” (RSPC “Mother and Child”) for the period 2014–2024. Indicators analyzed included rates of preterm birth, distribution of newborns by birth weight (BW) (< 2000 g, < 1500 g, and < 1000 g), incidence of ROP, structure of disease stages, and volume of performed ophthalmic surgeries. The statistical significance of trends was assessed using linear regression (r), χ² test, and Student's t-test (p < 0.05).
Results. It was found that the average annual rate of preterm births was 3.9% (3335 ± 152 cases), and the proportion of children with BW < 1500 g increased from 6.8 % to 9.4 % (r = 0.92, p < 0.001). Retinopathy of prematurity was diagnosed in 7,022 (22.4%) preterm infants according to the RSPC “Mother and Child” data, which corresponds to 1.5% of all pediatric ophthalmopathology and is comparable to congenital eye anomalies (1.7 %). Over 11 years, the proportion of end-stage ROP declined from 2.0 % to 0.8 %, and ROP surgery consistently accounted for 10 % of all pediatric ophthalmic procedures (second most common in patients < 1 year).
Conclusion. ROP remains a major cause of childhood visual disability; growth of the extremely-low-birth-weight cohort necessitates refinement of risk-stratified screening. These data provide an epidemiologic basis for revising national eligibility criteria and follow-up schedules for infants at high risk of ROP.

The article presents the results of a multicenter quasi-experimental research, which included 120 pregnant women with moderate preeclampsia who were treated and delivered by caesarean section in healthcare institutions “5th City Clinical Hospital”, “6th City Clinical Hospital” in Minsk for the period 2010–2024. It was concluded that both spinal anesthesia and multicomponent balanced anesthesia using combined induction based on sodium thiopental and sevoflurane can be recommended as an option for general anesthesia during cesarean section.

An analysis of the available literature data shows the need to continue research in the field of diagnosis and treatment of varicocele using available modern technologies. Timely diagnosis, rational choice of management tactics and methods of surgical correction of varicocele in childhood and adolescence is an important task for medical science and practical healthcare, which have a direct impact on the demographic situation in the country.
The article is devoted to the analysis of medical literature concerning the main parameters of ultrasound examination of patients with varicocele, and the ratio of the data obtained in the clinic. This article reflects the ultrasound parameters observed in 90 patients admitted to the pediatric surgical hospital for elective surgical treatment of varicocele.

Based on current literature, this article analyzes data on the diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, as well as the treatment and prevention of postoperative complications following pancreatic resection and drainage procedures. Despite advances in the surgical treatment of chronic pancreatitis, early and late postoperative complications persist, often leading to repeat surgeries. Currently, there is no gold standard for diagnosing chronic pancreatitis, but the use of non-invasive and minimally invasive techniques remains a top priority. The development of new methods for the early non-invasive diagnosis of chronic pancreatitis, as well as methods for predicting and reducing postoperative complications after pancreatic resection and drainage surgeries and their treatment options, is becoming increasingly important.

Cavitary forms of sarcoidosis, which require differential diagnosis with other diseases manifested by radiographic cavity patterns, polysegmental nodular lesions, and hilus and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, are extremely rare.
This article analyzes the literature on the topic under study, and presents a clinical and radiographic observation of a patient with cavitary sarcoidosis.

The erector spinae plane block (ESPB) is a modern regional analgesia method that is promising for use in pediatric practice. A case of successful use of ESPB in a 5-year-old child with pleural empyema during thoracoscopic sanitation is presented. The block was performed once before the operation without the use of systemic opioids, which ensured adequate analgesia in the intra- and postoperative periods. The potential of ESPB as an effective and safe technique of multimodal analgesia in thoracic interventions in children has demonstrated by obtained results. The clinical case description is presented in the Republic of Belarus for the first time.

The article examined the case of a 16-year-old teenager with infiltrative tuberculosis complicated by atelectasis and bronchial stenosis, who was being treated at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis for 8 months.
The aim of the study is to discuss the effectiveness of the balloon dilation method in the treatment of adolescents with infiltrative tuberculosis complicated by atelectasis and bronchial stenosis. Comprehensive examination of patient using diagnostic scales K. A. Kovalchuk/Freitag, classification of stenoses according to computed tomography and fibrobronchoscopy, obstruction scale according to spirometry, allows to timely assess not only the degree of impaired bronchial patency, determine the indications for the balloon dilation method and assess its effectiveness, as well as prevent irreversible changes in the lung and avoid surgery.

Objective. To analyze a clinical case of generalized meningococcal infection in an infant.
Materials and methods. We studied and systematized anamnestic data, the results of clinical, laboratory, instrumental studies, the peculiarities of therapy for a 4-month-old child who was in a hospital with a generalized form of meningococcal infection.
Results. The authors of the work describe a clinical case of meningococcal infection in a baby, which was complicated by sepsis, infectious-toxic shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. The course of this infection led to the development of widespread thrombosis of the vessels of the limbs, multiple organ dysfunction syndrome. The article presents the features of the course of the disease, the rapid development of infection, analyzed the provision of medical care at various stages, the treatment that the child received, including antibacterial, symptomatic therapy, mechanical ventilation, surgical treatment of complications.
Conclusion. Severe forms of meningococcal infections are manifested by a sudden onset, a rapid increase in symptoms such as fever, intoxication, and the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation syndrome. Difficulties in diagnosis, rapid involvement of vital organs and systems in the pathological process determine the complexity of treatment and the need for a multidisciplinary approach to the treatment of such patients.