Objective. To study the predictive power of the C-reactive protein (CRP) level in intensive care of patients with severe traumatic brain injury in terms of brain death.
Materials and methods. The prospective non-randomized single-center study included 82 patients with severe traumatic brain injury who were treated in the anesthesiology and intensive care units. Depending on the outcome of the received severe traumatic brain injury and intensive care, two groups of patients were formed: group 1 (n = 35) — patients discharged from the hospital; group 2 (n = 47) — patients who were diagnosed with brain death.
Results. The CRP level on the 1st and 2nd days of intensive care in the group of surviving patients and patients with brain death did not differ statistically significantly. On day 3, a statistically significant difference was noted between the patient groups in the CRP level: 104.4 [25.9; 169.9] mg/l in group 1 and 185.2 [104.2; 257.4] mg/l in group 2 (p = 0.03). On day 5, the CRP level was: 71.7 [32.6; 107.2] mg/l in group 1 and 170.5 [111.9; 256.0] mg/l in group 2 (p = 0.0006). On day 7 — 22.9 [4.9; 124.1] mg/l in group 1 and 188.1 [118.4; 236.7] mg/l in group 2 (p = 0.0002). The level of CRP on day 3 (AUC = 0.706; p = 0.019), day 5 (AUC = 0.783; p = 0.028) and day 7 (AUC = 0.844; p < 0.0001) of intensive care was a strong prognostic factor in terms of the onset of brain death.
Conclusion. Analysis of the level of CRP allows predicting the onset of brain death in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.

Every year, 300—350 new cases of malignant neoplasms are detected in the pediatric population of Belarus. All children, and in case of some oncohematological diseases, young adults under 30, receive treatment at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Children's Oncology, Hematology and Immunology (Belarus), where the most advanced technologies and methods are developed and implemented. This allows achieving results at the level of the world's leading pediatric oncology centers: the 5-year survival rate for the last year was 83 %, for certain nosologies — exceeds 90 %. Today, pediatric oncology needs to focus on the problem of finding ways to individualize treatment to reduce the number of relapses without losing the achieved high efficiency. Immunotherapy, biotechnology and molecular genetic research are innovative areas in the field of oncological care for children. These approaches are not only focused on social needs, but are also economically justified, contribute to improving the results of diagnosis and treatment, improving the quality of life of patients and reducing the degree of disability. This article is devoted to the key innovative developments of the Republican Scientific and Practical Center for Children's Oncology, Hematology and Immunology, introduced over the past two years into practical healthcare in Belarus, such as CAR-T therapy, immunotherapy using human natural killer cells and high-throughput sequencing, which demonstrate high efficiency and promise broad prospects for future use not only in pediatric oncology. The article presents the main results of clinical trials and further opportunities for technology development.

Objective. To analyze the current legal and regulatory framework of the Republic of Belarus governing the rehabilitation of individuals residing in psycho-neurological social boarding houses, to identify systemic barriers to rehabilitation, and to scientifically substantiate the need for improving the conceptual apparatus to enhance the effectiveness of the rehabilitation process.
Materials and methods. A systematic analysis of legal acts of the Republic of Belarus, international guiding documents, and scientific publications on rehabilitation, long-term care, and the rights of persons with mental disorders was conducted using methods of comparative legal analysis, a systemic approach, and conceptual modeling.
Results. It was established that the Republic of Belarus has a progressive legislative framework guaranteeing the right to rehabilitation for persons with functional limitations. However, in the specific conditions of psycho-neurological social boarding houses, a systemic “implementation gap” is observed between the declared rights and their practical application. This gap is due to institutional barriers, interdepartmental fragmentation, and the absence in legislation of concepts that account for the complexity of the rehabilitation process in institutional setting. It is substantiated that the existing concept of “psychological assistance” is insufficient to describe the comprehensive process of rehabilitation and requires the introduction and legislative consolidation of the term “psychosocial rehabilitation”, implemented through an intersectoral approach and the activities of an intersectoral rehabilitation team.
Conclusion. Rehabilitation in the setting of a psycho-neurological social boarding house has its own specific features and requires a paradigm shift from a custodial model to a rehabilitation-oriented model. Overcoming existing barriers to rehabilitation is impossible without improving the conceptual and regulatory apparatus. The introduction of the concepts of “psychosocial rehabilitation” and “ntersectoral rehabilitation team” into scientific discourse will create a basis for developing modern standards and protocols, integrating disparate types of assistance into a single, person-centered, iterative process, and as a consequence, enhancing the quality of the rehabilitation process in the setting of a psycho-neurological social boarding house.

Objective. To conduct a comprehensive analysis of the epidemiological situation of HIV infection in the Republic of Belarus and to identify the main patterns and specific features of the epidemic process during 1987—2024.
Materials and methods. A retrospective epidemiological analysis of official surveillance data was performed. 
Results. Four stages of the epidemic process were identified over the 38-year period. In 1987—1995, only sporadic imported cases were reported, mainly associated with sexual transmission. The second stage (1996—2004) was marked by a 144-fold increase in HIV incidence compared to 1995 and the predominance of non-medical parenteral transmission through injecting drug use. During this period, the first preventive programs were introduced. In 2005—2018, sexual transmission became dominant, although the epidemic demonstrated alternating phases of slowdown and subsequent acceleration of incidence growth. A set of evidence-based preventive measures was actively implemented. Since 2019, the fourth stage has been ongoing, characterized by a steady annual decline in newly diagnosed HIV cases. This trend is associated with the introduction of universal access to antiretroviral therapy in 2018, which became the most effective tool of prevention. Between 2019 and 2024, the average annual decline in incidence reached 9.8% (p < 0.05).
Conclusion. The consistent implementation of preventive interventions, and above all the universal treatment approach, has had a decisive impact on the HIV epidemic in Belarus, ensuring a sustained reduction in incidence in recent years.

Cardiovascular diseases claim more than 4 million lives every year. In the general array of various drugs for the treatment of CVD, a separate niche is occupied by betaadrenoblockers. The level of sympathetic activity is an independent predictor of both total and cardiovascular mortality.
Despite the fact that betaadrenoblockers have long been known, they remain relevant in the treatment of various diseases and at the present time, especially in certain categories of patients (pregnant women, patients with chronic heart failure, acute and chronic coronary syndromes, chronic kidney disease).
The article analyzed the current literature and recommendations on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of the use of the article analyzed the current literature and recommendations on the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of the use of betaadrenoblockers.

The aim of this review is to highlight the molecular mechanisms of formation and development of fungal biofilms, as well as promising methods of combating them.
Biofilms are a form of coexistence between representatives of one or, less commonly, different species of microorganisms. The term “fungal biofilms” refers to communities that include microscopic representatives of the Fungi kingdom — micromycetes.
The formation of a biofilm entails many advantages for its inhabitants over free-living (planktonic) forms of micromycetes. In the biofilm state, cells acquire greater resistance to physical and chemical stress factors in the environment, such as temperature fluctuations and acid-base balance. In addition, resistance to antifungal drugs (antimycotics) can increase by an order of magnitude, and in some cases by several orders of magnitude. Furthermore, within the biofilm, micromycetes become difficult to reach for the immune defence mechanisms of the host organism, which often leads to the chronicity of the infectious process.
The ability to adhere to various biotic and abiotic substrates allows microorganisms to form biofilms on the surfaces of medical devices and implants (including intravascular and urinary catheters, cardiac valve prostheses and joint endoprostheses) and on the tissues of the host organism, indicating their key role in the development of infections and persistent colonisation.
Quorum sensing, the exchange of signalling molecules using the external environment or biofilm matrix, plays an important role in biofilm formation and in the interaction of microbial cells with each other within biofilms. In recent years, a large number of diverse signalling systems based on the quorum sensing of micromycetes have been discovered, which are involved in a wide range of biological processes, including biofilm formation. Given that most microorganisms are capable of forming biofilms in their natural environment, studying their formation and functioning is one of the priority areas of modern microbiology.

The article presents a description of a clinical case of a patient with tuberous sclerosis (TS). The identified dermatological manifestations of the disease are comparable to the main diagnostic criteria. The genetically determined phakomatosis, characterized by skin lesions, is a presenting feature, and dermatologists play a leading role in the diagnosis of TS. TS is characterized by a wide range of specific skin manifestations and multiple visceral lesions. The prognosis is determined by the severity and localization of the visceral pathology and does not correlate with the dermatological manifestations. The article provides modern reference data on etiology, clinical features, diagnostic criteria, differential diagnosis, pathomorphology, and treatment.

The purpose of the publication is a systematic presentation of the main components of health preservation within the framework of the course “Social Medicine” for students, postgraduates and teachers of higher educational institutions of the humanities.
The social and medical aspects of health preservation as the basis of lifestyle and disease prevention are considered. The content of the concepts of health preservation and health-saving technologies is disclosed. Health-saving technologies are described as private technologies of medical and social work.
The article uses materials from the M. E. Tikotsky Media Library of the Department of Service of the Faculties of Journalism and Philosophy and Social Sciences of the Fundamental Library of BSU and elements of the educational portal of BSU FFSS.

The article provides analytical information on the pace and examples of the implementation of simulation technologies in the educational institution “Grodno State Medical Universityˮ. A historical overview demonstrates that analog training tools (phantoms, mannequins) have been used in surgery and obstetrics since the 18th century. Their evolution from simple models to high-tech simulators reflects the progress in medical education. The article traces the continuity of these approaches within the context of modern simulation technologies. The place of simulation training, in particular, the implementation of an objective structured clinical examination, taking into account the legislation of the Republic of Belarus in the field of education, is determined. Innovative approaches to the integration of simulation techniques into the educational process are considered, and the optimal ratio of clinical practice in real conditions and training using simulators and standardized patients is analyzed.