T-cell mechnisms of immunity during COVID-19: changes in the bone marrow, thymus, lymphocyte subpopulations, assessment of function
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to review the scientific literature of recent years on the problem of SARS-CoV-2 infection — genetic variability of the pathogen, organs and cells of the immune system, assessment of function and methods of correction. The problem of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which arose at the end of 2019 in China(Wuhan) and developed into a pandemic, is a pressing problem in 2024. It is important to understand not only the mechanisms of infection and development of the disease, but also to develop effective measures and drugs for prevention. This requires genomic monitoring of the pathogen to assess mutational changes that help evade the T-cell immune response. The molecular-genetic mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully disclosed. Viruses implement strategies to evade immune factors in a number of ways: a) by shielding surface antigens by adding molecules of complex glycans: b) secretion of fruncated viral glicoproteins that have common epitopes with fragments of the viral spikeS protein; c) blockade of the complement system. Although the main target of the virus is the immune system(bone marrow,thymus, other lymphoid formation, subpopulation of cells), the virus attacks almost all organs and systems of the body(lungs, blood vessels, of the heart, brain, kidneys, pancreas, gonads). Discusses of the diversity of T-lymphocytes subsets, including effector T-cells. Molecular recognition of antigens, thymic injury/ recovery and assessment of T-cell-specific immunity. The difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of a protective specific T-cell immune response are considered.
About the Authors
L. P. Titov
РНПЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
M. O. Trusevich
РНПЦ эпидемиологии и микробиологии
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
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Titov L.P., Trusevich M.O. T-cell mechnisms of immunity during COVID-19: changes in the bone marrow, thymus, lymphocyte subpopulations, assessment of function. Healthcare. 2024;(5):29-45. (In Russ.)
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