Современные инструментальные параметрыи биохимические маркеры раннего сосудистого старения

Одним из ключевых факторов риска сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний является возраст. При синдроме раннего сосудистого старения возраст-ассоциированная перестройка сосудистой стенки развивается быстрее, чем это происходит в популяции в среднем, и в итоге приводит к более раннему развитию сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний. Оценка артериальной жесткости по скорости распространения пульсовой волны на каротидно-феморальном участке является одним из основных методов диагностики раннего сосудистого старения. Для оценки артериальной жесткости также используют параметры центральной гемодинамики, такие как центральное систолическое и пульсовое артериальное давление, индекс аугментации, сердечно-лодыжечный сосудистый индекс. В статье приведены результаты исследований наиболее перспективных циркулирующих биомаркеров раннего сосудистого старения: высокочувствительный С-реактивный белок,  интерлейкины, ФНО-a, длина теломер и теломеразная активность, матричные металлопротеиназы, фактор дифференцировки роста-15, инсулиноподобный фактор роста-I, цистатин С, микро-РНК, которые уже показали высокую диагностическую значимость и требуют дальнейшего изучения. Приведены данные исследований по идентифицированному новому антивозрастному гену белка Klotho. Представлен большой арсенал современных инструментальных параметров и биохимических маркеров оценки раннего сосудистого старения, разработка и определение которых позволит улучшить диагностику как сердечно-сосудистых заболеваний, так и их осложнений.

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