Ultrasonic scanning of cerebral vessels in the diagnosis of perinatal lesions in newborns of different gestational ages

Objective. The aim of the article is to evaluate hemodynamic changes in children with cerebral ischemia.

Materials and methods. 108 newborns, examined on days 1, 3, 7 and 30, divided into groups: Group 1 – period < 29 weeks of gestation; group 2 – 29–33 weeks of gestation; group 3 – 34–36 weeks of gestation; group 4 – 37–40 weeks of gestation. The control group consisted of 41 conditionally healthy newborns with a gestational age of more than 37 weeks, who were examined at the same time.

Results. In the anterior cerebral artery, the systolic velocity on day 3 was 38 [28; 50] cm/s (p = 0.003), day 30 – 53 [45; 64] cm/s (p < 0.001), diastolic velocity on day 3 was 11 [9; 16] cm/s (p = 0.006), day 7 – 10 [7; 15] cm/s (p = 0.020), day 30 – 13 [10; 16] cm/s. Resistance index day 30 – 0.8 [0.7; 0.8]. In the right middle cerebral artery, systolic velocity day 30 – 31 [25; 37] cm/s (p < 0.001), diastolic velocity day 1 – 7 [5; 10] cm/s (p = 0.028), day 30 – 8 [6; 10] cm/s (p < 0.001), resistance index day 1 – 0.6 [0.6; 0.7] (p = 0.032), day 30 – 0.7 [0.7; 0.8] (p = 0.001). Systolic velocity of the left middle cerebral artery day 30 – 29 [23; 38] cm/s (p < 0.001), diastolic velocity on day 30 – 7 [6; 10] cm/s (p < 0.001). Resistance index on day 1 – 0.6 [0.6; 0.7] (p = 0.04), on day 30 – 0.7 [0.7; 0.8] (p = 0.03). Basilar artery on day 30 systolic velocity – 59 [48; 71] cm/s (p < 0.001), diastolic velocity – 12 [9; 14] cm/s (p < 0.001), diastolic velocity on day 3 – 12 [9; 17] cm/s (p = 0.038). Basilar artery resistance index on day 7 – 0.8 [0.7; 0.8], on day 30 – 0.8 [0.8; 0.8] (p < 0.001).

Conclusion. In the groups, the main differences in the indicators were noted on the 30th day. In newborns with ischemia, a change in diastolic velocity was noted on the 3rd day for the anterior cerebral artery and basilar artery and on the 1st day for the middle cerebral artery.

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