The paper describes cases of the clinical course and management of girls with von Willebrand disease. This hemostatic disorder is a variant of the most common hereditary hemorrhagic hemostasiopathies. Therefore, early diagnostic screening for this pathology in both outpatient and inpatient settings is critically important. The analysis of bleeding index using a point-based scale to assess the severity of hemorrhagic syndrome, along with methods for evaluating menstrual blood loss, enables timely detection of von Willebrand disease and other coagulopathies in girls and women in the Republic of Belarus. This approach ensures appropriate medical prevention and treatment, thereby reducing the risk of life-threatening bleeding in these patients. Two clinical cases are presented with detailed descriptions of the clinical, anamnestic, and tactical aspects.

Objective. To evaluate the patterns of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL) in premature infants with different gestational ages and compare with developmental outcomes in early childhood.

Materials and methods. A retrospective-prospective study included 212 premature babies born between 26 and 37 weeks of gestation. Four groups were formed depending on the gestational age at birth: up to 28 weeks (n = 36); 28—31 weeks (n = 51); 32—33 weeks (n = 55); 34—36 weeks (n = 70). The indices of PVL and long-term periventricular hyperechogenicity (PVHE) in the neonatal period were compared with the outcomes of neurodevelopment.

Results. PVL was significantly more common in prematurity up to 28 weeks — in 50.0 % (18 cases), which is 1.5 times higher compared to the groups of 28—31 weeks and 32—33 weeks, in which similar indicators had approximately the same values (33.3 % and 34.5 %; Fisher’s p < 0.001). cPVL was noted in 7.1 % (5 cases) in newborns with late prematurity (34—36 weeks), which emphasizes the need to consider the risks of developing PVL at birth not only in children under 28 weeks, but also in terms close to full-term. The presence of prolonged PVGE in the neonatal period increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in early life by 2.41 times (RR = 2.41, 95 % CI (1.83;3.19)); Cochrane — Mantel — Haenszel’s p < 0.001) compared to cases without PVHE.

Conclusion. Signs of white matter damage based on neurosonography in the neonatal period were detected in almost every third premature infant (27.8 %). White matter damage affects neurodevelopmental outcomes, which justifies early medical habilitation aimed at reducing the incidence of developmental disorders.

In the presenting article literature data and juridical aspects are discussed. The authors are putting attention to the patient’s safety during anesthesia in outpatient care. In the same time economy expediency of diagnostic manipulations and small surgical interventions under general anesthesia in outpatient care are emphasized.

Based on modern literature data, a comprehensive analysis of the problem of anaphylaxis in pregnant women is provided. It is emphasized that this is one of the complex problems in the practice of obstetricians and gynecologists, anesthesiologists, allergists and specialists in other clinical profiles.

Anaphylaxis is an unpredictable systemic hypersensitivity reaction that requires special attention when manifested in pregnant women, since it implies a potential risk of death for both the mother and the fetus or newborn and can lead to complications in newborns associated with cerebral anoxia and encephalopathy.

Anaphylaxis during pregnancy, labor and delivery can be catastrophic for the mother, being one of the causes of maternal mortality. The issues of immunopathology and diagnostics are considered in detail, the phenotypes of women with a risk of anaphylaxis are determined; approaches to optimizing the prevention and treatment of anaphylaxis in pregnant women are indicated. The information presented is of great practical importance for practicing physicians.

Based on data from individual dosimetric control of residents living in contaminated areas with radionuclides as a result of the Chernobyl accident, an algorithm has been developed for assessing individualized external exposure doses accumulated since the accident.

Software has been created that makes it possible to reconstruct individual external exposure doses of persons living in a contaminated area in the absence/insufficient data of individual dosimetric control, taking into account their socially conditioned behavior: migration, occupation, gender and age.

The results of the research were used to fill in individualized accumulated external exposure doses for each year of the post-accident period received by persons included in the State Register of Persons Exposed to Radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident and other radiation accidents.

The individualized external exposure accumulated doses calculated in this way, along with the individualized accumulated doses of internal exposure, will be used to conduct radiation-epidemiological researches of the development of radiation-induced diseases of persons exposed to radiation as a result of the Chernobyl accident.