Objective. To analyze the differences in income levels between individuals depending on the degree of alcohol consumption.

Materials and methods. Official data of the National Statistical Committee of the Republic of Belarus. The results of the STEPS 2020 survey. Econometric analysis.

Results and conclusion. Alcohol consumption in the Republic of Belarus is a much more serious problem than it appears according to the results of sociological research. The weighted average income from employment in the group with high alcohol consumption was lower than in the group with moderate/low alcohol consumption. The reduction in alcohol consumption will be accompanied by an increase in the skills and productivity of employees and a reduction in the risks of poverty, that is, a reduction in the burden on the social protection system (due to a reduction in poverty) and an increase in its income (due to an increase in income from which contributions to the social protection fund are paid), and budget revenues as a whole (for the same reason).

The COVID-19 pandemic, caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, has caused high morbidity and mortality worldwide. The advent of vaccines was a breakthrough in the fight against SARS-CoV-2, but the possibility of a new wave of the pandemic due to mutations of the virus remains. Of particular concern is the impact of SARS-CoV-2 on maternal and fetal outcomes.

Objective. To analyze published data on the impact of COVID-19 on obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Material and methods. An analysis of open full-text publications for 2020—2023 was carrid out. Studies were included that examined the association of COVID-19 during prequancy with obstetric and perinatal outcomes.

Results. Information is provided on the pathogenesis of obstetric and perinatal complications in pregnant women with COVID-19. The currently presented information on the course of pregnancy in patients with COVID-19 was analyzed. It has been noted that pregnant women are at increased risk of severe COVID-19, and maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection increases the risk of adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.

Conclusions. It is necessary to study the effect of SARS-CoV-2 on the course and outcomes of pregnancy and childbirth depending on the timing of infection and the clinical course of COVID-19.

Hematospermia (hemospermia) is an admixture of blood in semen (HMS). The article analyzes the frequency of the disease, manifestations, diagnostic capabilities for determining the cause, and treatment tactics. It is emphasized that GMS is not always a symptom of a malignant prostate tumor. In patients under 40 years of age, HMS is more often a consequence of inflammatory diseases; in patients over 40 years of age, these are iatrogenic causes (puncture biopsy of the prostate gland, radiation therapy, taking various medications, etc.). To exclude a prostate tumor, cystoscopy, ultrasound, and MRI can be used. Prostate cancer occurs in this category of patients in 3,S% of cases.

Objective. Analysis of polymorphisms of angiotensin type 1 receptor (AGT2R1), endothelin-1 gene (Lys198Asn), endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene NOS3 (С786Т) as potential predictors of the development of unstable hemodynamics in the intraoperative period during cardiac surgery for myocardial revascularization.

Materials and methods. An analysis was carried out of more than thirty domestic and foreign sources on the influence of polymorphisms of AGT2R1, Lys198Asn, С786Т on various diseases of systems and organs of the human body.

Results. Polymorphisms of the AGT2R1, Lys198Asn, and С786Т affect the development and progression of major diseases of the cardiovascular system.

Conclusion. It can be assumed that the above polymorphisms can be considered predictors of disturbances in central hemodynamic parameters in the perioperative period during cardiac surgery.

Сurrent literature data on the prevalence, features of clinical and histomorphological manifestations of a rare lung pathology — desquamative interstitial pneumonia — are presented. Difficulties in differential diagnosis and treatment of this disease are noted. Own observation is presented.

The most striking histological sign of desquamative interstitial pneumonia is the filling of the lumens of the alveoli with macrophages with abundant eosinophilic cytoplasm.

Objective. To investigate changes in hematologic parameters and inflammatory response after implantation of biological and synthetic vascular grafts.

Materials and methods. The study was performed on male Wistar laboratory rats (n = 75). The animals were divided into three groups: group 1 — false-operated (25 animals); group 2 — implantation of fragment of biological vascular graft (25 animals); group 3 — implantation of fragment of synthetic vascular graft (25 animals). Blood was collected from the animals on days 3, 7, 14, 21 and 30 after surgery. The numbers of white blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes and eosinophils, red blood cells, platelet count, hemoglobin concentration and C-reactive protein were measured in the blood.

Results. On the 3^rd day after operation, statistically significant differences were found in white blood cell counts between groups 1 and 2 (p = 0,042) and between groups 2 and 3 (p = 0,024). On the 7^th day after operation, there were no statistically or clinically significant differences between the animal groups. On the 14^th day statistically significant differences were found between groups 2 and 3 in hemoglobin concentration (p = 0,023) and red blood cells count (p = 0,043); on the 21^st and 30^th days, no statistically or clinically significant differences were found between the animal groups.

Conclusion. There were no clinically significant changes in red blood cells count, platelet count, hemoglobin concentration, white blood cells count or C-reactive protein concentration compared to animals in the control group.

Dislocation of the intraocular lens (IOL) is a serious complication in cataract surgery. Therefore, the search for an effective method of fixing IOLs for non-standard surgical situations is relevant.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the clinical results of the technique of flanged corneoscleral fixation of IOL using a polytetrafluoroethylene thread.

The results of surgical treatment of 34 patients (34 eyes) who underwent IOL suturing with threads made of polytetrafluoroethylene 6-0 (Ecoflon) through the sclera and fixation of flanges in the lumen of corneal paracentesis («Sclerocorneal IOL Fixation Technique») without incisions of the conjunctiva and sclera were analyzed [3].

The average index of maximally corrected visual acuity before surgery was 0,27± 0,11. A day after surgery, this indicator increased to 0,41±0,1. One week after surgery, the average index of maximally corrected visual acuity was 0,6S±0,1, while the improvement in visual acuity was statistically significantly different from the indicator before surgery and a day after surgery (p<0,0S).

The use of polytetrafluoroethylene suture material in the ab externo technique, with threads passing through the sclera and fixing the flanges in the lumen of the corneal paracentesis is safe and effective. On average, patients had positive results from visual acuity with a low frequency of adverse events.

The content of the concept of positive health is considered. Characteristics of health models are given. The criteria for positive health and social factors that have a positive impact on health are revealed. Pavorable living conditions in early childhood are described; complete education; stable employment; stable income; health-saving housing conditions; favorable environmental and climatic conditions; psychological balance.