This article presents comparative results of treating congenital high partial intestinal obstruction caused by a perforated duodenal web in newborn and infants under 1 year of age, treated at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery between 2017 and 2025. Endoscopic membranotomy and a novel endoscopic technique (balloon dilation over a pre-placed guidewire via endoscopic access) were used instead of the classical surgical technique with laparotomy. A literature review on methods for restoring duodenal patency in children in global practice was conducted. Intraoperative and long-term outcomes of duodenal lumen restoration in children using the novel endoscopic technique were evaluated. The novel endoscopic technique was compared with the classical surgical approach. The economic efficiency of the novel endoscopic technique for restoring duodenal lumen patency in children was calculated.

Objective. To develop a prognostic model for determining the probability of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3a development in children with type 1 diabetes.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of the data of 52 children with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3a, 95 patients with type 1 diabetes, and 30 healthy children was performed. The analyzed data included: anamnesis, levels of diabetes-associated antibodies (against tyrosine phosphatase, insulin, glutamate decarboxylase, zinc transporter 8), polymorphic variants of genes (CTLA-4, PTPN22, HLA-DRB1, -DQB1, -DQA1).

Results. Factors associated with thyroid autoimmunity in children with type 1 diabetes were identified: onset of diabetes at the age < 3 or > 12 (girls)/13 (boys) years (OR = 2.84, 95 % CI (1.30–6.20)), family history of autoimmune thyroid diseases (OR = 3.14, 95 % CI (1.33–6.55)); levels of zinc transporter 8 antibodies > 460.0 IU/mL with diabetes duration less than 3 years and levels of glutamate decarboxylase antibodies > 43.0 IU/mL with disease duration more than 3 years (OR = 5.48, 95 % CI (2.52–11.88)); combined genotypes: in girls – rs231775 CTLA-4_AG+GG/rs2476601 PTPN22_СT+TT; in boys – rs231775 CTLA-4_AG+GG/HLA-DRB1*04:Х/04:Х (where DRB1*04: X – alleles DRB1*04:01, 04:02, 04:04, 04:05, 04:10), (OR = 5.01, 95 % CI (2.21–11.36)).

A prognostic model with 77.3 % sensitivity and 63.7 % specificity was constructed to determine the probability of developing autoimmune thyroid disease in children with type 1 diabetes. An algorithm was developed to stepwise stratify high-risk groups of autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3a.

Conclusion. The developed model and algorithm facilitate the individualization of autoimmune thyroid disease screening in children with type 1 diabetes.

Objective. To improve immediate treatment outcomes for patients with acute pancreatitis (AP) by personalizing the treatment and diagnostic approach and introducing new methods of providing medical care at the early stage of the disease.

Materials and methods. A personalized treatment and diagnostic approach has been developed for the early phase of acute pancreatitis, the essence of which lies in the consistent identification of indications for early minimally invasive puncture-drainage interventions. The experience of medical care provided to 1,364 patients with acute pancreatitis, who were treated in the 10th City Clinical Hospital of Minsk from 2018 to 2025, was studied in a comparative way. Such indicators as operational activity, the proportion of minimally invasive interventions, their effectiveness, the percentage of open operations, and mortality were evaluated.

Results. The clinical application of a new personalized approach to surgical treatment in ANP and developed new methods has reduced operative activity from 14.6 to 9.4 %, increased the proportion of minor invasive puncture-drainage interventions with 89,3 to 97.3 %, increase their effectiveness (the share of such interventions as the final treatment method increased from 72 to 81.9 %), reduce the rate of laparotomy operations from 10.7 to 2.7 %, which combined led to a reduction in overall mortality for acute pancreatitis from 5.8 to 4.4 % and its severe form with 19,2 to 12.9 %.

Conclusion. The results of the study made it possible to propose early diagnostic criteria for practical use, show the way to obtain them and evaluate them clinically, and justify recommendations in which specific cases it is advisable to make tactical decisions in favor of early minimally invasive drainage of fluid collection in ANP.

Objective. To study is to perform a clinical and functional differentiation of patients with occupational respiratory diseases (ORD) based on an analysis of disease course characteristics and their role in the development of functional limitations.

Materials and methods. The study included 102 patients with ORD: chronic occupational bronchitis (COB, n = 34), occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (OCOPD, n = 38), and pneumoconiosis (PC, n = 30), as well as 23 healthy workers exposed to occupational hazards (control group). Anthropometric parameters, pulmonary function, respiratory and peripheral muscle strength, and oxygen saturation (SpO₂) during the 6-minute walk test (6MWT) were evaluated.

Results. With the similarity of the clinical picture in the 3 groups of diseases, abdominal obesity predominated in individuals with COB (52.9 %) and COPD (44.8 %); in PC, normal weight (33.4 %) or overweight (40.0 %) was more often observed with a low incidence of obesity (26.6 %); in addition, a decrease in the main anthropometric indicators was detected in this group. All patient groups demonstrated reduced respiratory muscle strength and peripheral muscle endurance, most pronounced in OCOPD. During the 6MWT, COB and OCOPD showed gradual SpO₂ decline, while PC was characterized by early, fluctuating desaturation. PC was associated with functional class (FC) II and respiratory insufficiency (RI) grade I; OCOPD – with FC I and RI I; and COB – with FC 0 and RI 0.

Conclusion. ORD are characterized by systemic involvement of respiratory and peripheral skeletal muscles, distinct nutritional profiles, and disease-specific ventilatory responses to exercise, underscoring the need for personalized rehabilitation strategies that include assessment of muscle function, nutritional correction, and individualized physical activity programs.

Objective. To study was to examine the structure and incidence of diseases associated with prematurity during the first year of life depending on gestational age and birth weight, based on data from the registry of premature infants.

Materials and methods. An analytical study was conducted using anonymized data from the registry of premature infants. The analysis included data from 2660 premature infants registered in 2023; 178 records were excluded due to incomplete data. Groups were formed based on gestational age and birth weight. The incidence pattern and frequency of major disease classes were assessed, as well as the presence of statistically significant trends. Descriptive statistics and the χ² test for trends were used; the significance level was set at p < 0.05.

Results. The analysis demonstrated a statistically significant gradient dependence of the structure and intensive rates of morbidity in premature infants in the first year of life on birth weight. The highest rates were recorded in children with ELBW and VLBW. The highest morbidity was noted for retinopathy, bronchopulmonary dysplasia, anemia, and the nervous system diseases.

Conclusion. Birth weight and gestational age are significant predictors of morbidity in premature infants in the first year of life; however, they do not completely eliminate the risk of late prematurity. The use of the registry allows us to objectify the epidemiological profile of pathology and justify the need for a risk-stratified model for follow-up monitoring of all premature infants, taking into account the degree of perinatal risk.

Objective. To study is to analyze the work of the new organizational model of the regional center for infectious pathology, organized on the basis of the Grodno Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital for 2023–2024.

Materials and methods. The annual reports of Grodno Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital for 2023–2024, containing information on activities as RCPI in the main areas: advisory, diagnostic, therapeutic, preventive. Methods of statistical analysis, structural and dynamic comparison of performance indicators, and expert forecasting are applied.

Results. There are statistically significant differences in the increase in the number of requests for medical help to the emergency department of the Grodno Regional Infectious Diseases Clinical Hospital in 2023–2024 (the post-pandemic period) compared with 2020 (the pandemic period). 59.5 % of those who applied received counseling, 33.9 % applied on their own, bypassing the polyclinic stage, and every third independent application falls outside of business hours. The expansion of diagnostic and laboratory capabilities made it possible to increase not only extra-budgetary revenues, which accounted for 3.5 % of the total funding, but also the intensity of use of the bed fund, while the number of people with non-core pathology decreased by 2 times and amounted to 2.51 %. 96.2 % of patients were discharged with recovery.

Conclusion. The steady growth of referral activity, effective routing, multidisciplinary approach, increased extra-budgetary activities and high clinical results confirm the feasibility of the new organizational model. The introduction of digital and organizational solutions, such as video consultations, laboratory center for collective use and a regional registry, has improved the availability and quality of comprehensive care, minimizing risks and resource losses.

Objective. To analyze existing surgical approaches to treatment, evaluate the results of surgical interventions in a separate clinic for varicocele in children and adolescents in order to determine the most effective and safe treatment methods.

Materials and methods. literature data on the problem and data from 506 patients aged 10–18 years with left-sided varicocele who were hospitalized in the surgical department of the Vitebsk Regional Children's Clinical Center. 552 medical histories, clinical examination data, and surgical protocols were studied. 506 patients underwent 552 surgical procedures. The structure of surgical interventions in this hospital: Ivanissevich’s operation, laparoscopic ligation of the seminal veins on the left (Ivanissevich’s operation with laparoscopic access), Marmar’s operation.

Results. According to our sample of 506 patients, 9.3 % had relapses. The largest number of relapses occurred in Ivanissevich's open-access surgery, and the smallest in Marmara's surgery. The problem of varicocele recurrence remains relevant. Special attention should be paid to the development of personalized approaches that take into account age, degree of disease, instrumental research data and individual characteristics of patients, as well as a clear definition of the group of patients in need of surgery.

Conclusion. Microsurgical varicocelectomy shows the lowest recurrence rate. Laparoscopic varicocelectomy is also characterized by high efficiency and minimal injury.

This article analyzes the current state of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in healthcare. Key aspects of AI application and development prospects are discussed. The goal is to assess the balance of benefits and threats for the development of regulatory approaches to the implementation of AI in healthcare. A systematic literature review and case study analysis were used. The findings highlight the need for clear standards and the systematic integration of AI into clinical practice.