Objective. To evaluate the relationship of autoimmune thyroid diseases in children with type 1 diabetes with glycemic control and lipid profile, ketoacidosis at diabetes diagnosis, characteristics of the partial remission.

Materials and methods. A comparative analysis of glycated hemoglobin and lipid profile was performed in 52 children with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3a, 95 patients with type 1 diabetes and 30 healthy children. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the data derived from the patients' medical records: diabetic ketoacidosis, thyroid status at diabetes diagnosis; glycated hemoglobin levels, daily insulin doses and insulin dose-adjusted glycated hemoglobin in the year after diabetes onset.

Results. Children with polyglandular autoimmunity and decompensated hypothyroidism had a higher frequency of dyslipidemia with triglyceride concentrations above optimal values (> 1.1 mmol/L) compared to patients with autoimmune polyglandular syndrome type 3a and normal thyroid status (p = 0.018), type 1 diabetes (p = 0.008), and the control (p = 0.029); and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (> 2.6 mmol/L) – compared to the control (p = 0.024). Children with combined endocrinopathies and decompensated thyroid status at the disease onset had a higher frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis than patients with type 1 diabetes (p = 0.036). In children with polyglandular autoimmunity and thyroid dysfunction at diabetes onset were found higher daily insulin doses (p = 0.001) and insulin dose-adjusted glycated hemoglobin (p = 0.038) in 12 months after the disease diagnosis compared to the peers with only type 1 diabetes.

Conclusions. The obtained results demonstrate an association between thyroid dysfunction in children with type 1 diabetes and an increased risk of diabetic ketoacidosis at the disease onset, more rapid progression of type 1 diabetes and dyslipidemia.

Objective. To conduct an analysis of limitations in life activities and associated impairments of bodily functions in patients with tuberculosis of the respiratory organs, to develop and validate objective rules for predicting expert assessments of the degree of severity of limitations in categories of life activities during medical and social assessments and the establishment of disability.

Materials and methods. The study included 149 patients with respiratory tuberculosis, who were referred for the first time for medical and social examination to determine disability, and 75 patients in the control group who successfully completed the course of treatment. The study was conducted at the Minsk City Medical and Rehabilitation Expert Commission, the Minsk Regional Тtuberculosis Dispensary, and the Consultative Polyclinic Department of the National Science and Practice Centre of Medical Assessment and Rehabilitation from 2017 to 2024. The mean age (SE) of the patients in the study cohort was 47.4 (0.71) years.

Results. An analysis of the variability of activity limitations in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis revealed that the “work capacityˮ category is dominant in the assessment of functioning and is key in determining disability. However, the “independent mobilityˮ and “self-careˮ categories also demonstrate significant variability and are important for expert assessment when determining disability. For the “independent mobilityˮ and “self-careˮ categories, respiratory function emerged as the most significant predictor in the expert assessment of the severity of limitations, with an accuracy of 92.6 % and 94.6 % in the training set and 90.7 % and 93.3 % in the test set. For the “work capacityˮ category, immune function emerged as the primary predictor, with an accuracy of 96.6 % in the training set and 97.3 % in the test set, confirming their high stability. Validation on an independent test set demonstrated a slight decrease in accuracy (difference ≤ 1.9 percentage points, p = 0.61), indicating the absence of overfitting, high reproducibility, and clinical suitability of the developed rules. The results confirm their reliability and potential for practical application in expert practice.

Сonclusion. The study proposes simple algorithms based on assessing the severity of respiratory and immune dysfunction for objective expert assessment of disability in patients with respiratory tuberculosis. Their implementation facilitates the standardization of the medical and social assessment process and improves the quality of expert decisions, thereby facilitating informed determination of disability status and streamlining the development of individualized rehabilitation and habilitation programs for individuals with disabilities.

Objective. To assess the structure of maternal extragenital and gynecological morbidity, as well as pregnancy complications, depending on gestational age in preterm births using national registry data.

Materials and methods. An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using anonymized data from the national registry of preterm infants in the Republic of Belarus. The analysis included data on maternal health for 2660 preterm births registered in 2023; records with incomplete information were excluded. Pregnancies were stratified into four gestational age groups: < 28 weeks, 28–31 weeks, 32–33 weeks, 34–36 weeks. Extragenital and gynecological diseases, as well as pregnancy complications, were analyzed. Descriptive statistics, Pearson’s χ² test, Fisher’s exact test, and χ² test for trends were applied; p < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

Results. Maternal morbidity patterns varied significantly by gestational age. Early preterm birth was predominantly associated with infectious and inflammatory pregnancy complications, cervical insufficiency, placental pathology, and chorioamnionitis. With increasing gestational age, higher prevalence of anemia, disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, and extragenital conditions was observed. Statistically significant trends were identified for anemia, gestational diabetes mellitus, threatened miscarriage, and infection-related risks.

Conclusion. The findings demonstrate the heterogeneity of maternal risk factors for preterm birth and support the use of registry-based, risk-stratified approaches to antenatal care aimed at preventing preterm birth and improving perinatal outcomes.

Objective. Study of the postclinical effectiveness of the method of medical rehabilitation for children with neurological disorders in postcovid syndrome, who are at the outpatient stage of medical rehabilitation.

Materials and methods. Study of the postclinical effectiveness of the method of medical rehabilitation was conducted on children with neurological disorders in post-COVID syndrome a confirmed history of COVID-19 with complaints of neurological disorders, continuing for 3 or more months after the COVID-19 infection at the clinical base of the Minsk City Center for Medical Rehabilitation of Children with Psychoneurological Diseases. The subjective asthenia scale (The Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, MFI-20) was used for rapid diagnosis of asthenia in children. The diagnosis of the severity of asthenic syndrome in children infected with COVID-19 was performed using the I. K. Schatz questionnaire.

Results. The results of the postclinical analysis effectiveness of the method of medical rehabilitation of children with neurological disorders who have recovered from COVID-19 and are at the outpatient stage of medical rehabilitation are presented. The effectiveness of the method of medical rehabilitation of children and adolescents with neurological disorders after COVID-19 confirmed by the results of a comparative analysis of changes in rehabilitation potential in terms of clinical and functional indicators of headache, sleep disorders and asthenic disorders before and after rehabilitation measures. There was a statistically significant decrease in children with low and medium rehabilitation potential and an increase in children with high rehabilitation potential (p < 0.05) for all three clinical manifestations of neurological disorders in children after COVID-19.

Conclusion. The method of medical rehabilitation of neurological disorders in children can be recommended for carrying out rehabilitation measures at the outpatient and (or) inpatient stage of providing medical care to children with complaints of headache, sleep disorders and asthenic disorders 3 months or more after COVID-19 infection.

The article is devoted to the technological progress in artificial intelligence (AI) and its impact on modern healthcare in the Republic of Belarus. Key areas of AI development are discussed, including disease diagnostics, drug development, medical image analysis, and physician decision support.

Important aspects of implementing AI technologies, such as comprehensiveness, interoperability, and human-centeredness, are highlighted, emphasizing the importance of considering the individuality of each patient and compliance with international standards. Practical projects implemented in the Republic of Belarus are described in detail, including the implementation of automated decision support systems, virtual operators, and voice-based medical documentation services.

Special attention is given to issues related to legal regulation, personnel training, and the technical challenges of implementing AI in practical medicine. A set of principles and approaches for the phased development of AI technologies is proposed, providing for the continuous improvement and harmonization of national and international experience.

The final conclusion of the article is the assertion that the Republic of Belarus possesses all the prerequisites for the successful implementation of innovative technologies, becoming an attractive platform for testing large-scale projects aimed at modernizing healthcare and related industries.

Objective. To evaluate modern approaches to the development of obstetric and gynecological care and their impact on women's reproductive health indicators using the example of a perinatal center in Moscow.

Materials and methods. The study is based on the analysis of statistical data, regulatory documents, and results of organizational and clinical interventions implemented in a perinatal center. The assessment of modern technologies (telemedicine, digitalization, cardiotocography interpretation, Robson classification), was performed.

Results. The implementation of comprehensive organizational measures, including infrastructure development, patient routing, integration of outpatient and inpatient care, and innovative technologies, has led to a significant reduction in reproductive losses. A decrease in neonatal intensive care admissions (from 4.5 % to 1.1 %) was observed without an increase in cesarean section rates (30.3 %). The Robson classification analysis confirmed improved outcomes in low-risk groups.

Conclusion. The improvement of obstetric and gynecological services requires a systemic approach focused on accessibility, quality of care, digital transformation, prevention, and interdisciplinary collaboration. These measures contribute to better reproductive health outcomes and reduced maternal and perinatal mortality.

Objective. Based on the analysis of literary data, to identify current issues of etiology, pathogenesis and methods of surgical treatment of abdominal hernias for the scientific justification of further research.

Materials and methods. The literature search was performed in PubMed, Google Scholar, Cochrane Library, and eLIBRARY, databases using keywords related to the pathogenesis, surgical treatment, and implants for abdominal hernias (2000–2025). The analysis included reviews, clinical guidelines, original studies, and meta-analyses.

Results. An abdominal hernia is a multifactorial disease based on the biomechanical failure of connective tissue associated with impaired collagen metabolism. The use of mesh implants, which has become the standard of care, initiates a complex tissue response that determines both the effectiveness of hernioplasty and the risk of complications. The analysis revealed the absence of a unified molecular-biological model of this interaction, as well as the lack of a universal, scientifically based algorithm for selecting a hernioplasty method and implant type at the preoperative planning stage. The dominance of subjective factors, insufficient use of objective criteria (such as bioimpedance analysis indicators for body composition assessment), and unsystematized data on the influence of biopolymer coatings on implant integration limit the possibilities of a personalized approach and outcome prediction.

Conclusion. The analysis of the literature revealed key gaps in scientific knowledge: the absence of a comprehensive model of the biological tissue response to implant materials depending on their structure and coatings, as well as an algorithm for selecting a surgical approach. The findings justify the necessity for comprehensive experimental and clinical studies aimed at investigating the relationship between implant characteristics, molecular markers of repair, and clinical outcomes. This will create the foundation for developing pathogenetically oriented and personalized criteria for selecting the hernioplasty method and the materials used.