Abdominoscrotal hydrocele (hydrocele en-bisac, dumbbell-shaped hydrocele) is a type of noncommunicating hydrocele consisting of scrotal and abdominal components connected by an isthmus in the inguinal canal. Until now, this disease has been a casuistry because since 1777 only 579 cases have been recorded in the world. In the surgical children’s department of the Minsk Regional Children’s Hospital during the period from October 2022 to October 2023 this diagnosis was made intraoperatively to 5 children. The paper presents the experience of using laparoscopic hydrocelectomy of the abdominal component through a single-trocar in combination with laparoscopic extraperitoneal ligature herniorrhaphy. The operation technique and the results of the treatment are described in the article. According to the authors, the given surgical technique has good prospects for wide practical application.

Objective. То determine the characteristics of lipid metabolism in practically healthy men 30—49 years old and in male patients with arterial hypertension of 1 and 2 degrees.
Materials and methods. In 207 males aged 30—49 years (67 healthy individuals and 140 patients with arterial hypertension of 1 and 2 degrees), who, depending on age and degree of arterial hypertension, were divided into 6 groups, lipid profile parameters were determined.
Results. In the age group of 30—39 years, the excess of reference values for total cholesterol in healthy men was in 51,2 % of cases, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees— 67,4 and 69,6 %, respectively; low-density lipoproteins: in healthy men in 48,8 % of cases, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees— 63,0 and 56,5 %; lipoprotein (a) content in healthy men — 10,2 [4,4; 17,7] mg/dl, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees — 10,3 [4,9; 24,5]mg/dl and 14,3 [6,3; 20,5]mg/dl; apoB content in healthymen — 0,88 [0,72; 1,20]g/l, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees— 0,92 [0,69; 1,04] g/l and 0,89 [0,79; 1,44] g/l. In the age group of 40—49 years, the excess of reference values for total cholesterol in healthy men was in 79,2 % of cases, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees — 82,0 and 84,4 %, respectively; low-density lipoproteins: in healthy men in 75,0 % of cases, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees— 64,1 and 75,0 %; lipoprotein (a) content in healthy men— 8,7 [5,3; 13,2] mg/dl, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees— 13,0 [5,5; 24,1] mg/dl and 11,5 [6,5; 21,2] mg/dl; apoB content in healthy men — 0,94 [0,78; 1,25] g/l, in patients with arterial hypertension of I and II degrees — 0,93 [0,84; 1,20] g/l and 1,01 [0,83; 1,24] g/l.
Conclusion. A high incidence of dyslipidemia was revealed in all study groups.

Ensuring infectious safety when performing endoscopic interventions is currently acquiring particular importance due to the growing number of this research. The article discusses problematic issues of organizing and executing the processes of cleaning, disinfection and storage of endoscopes. The most common inconsistencies in endoscopy departments/offices of healthcare organizations of the Republic of Belarus, identified in 2023 by members of the interdepartmental working group formed on behalf of the President of the Republic of Belarus, are presented. The updated changes in the regulatory legal framework in terms of ensuring epidemiological well-being in endoscopy are reflected.

The results of assessing the psychometric properties of the modified Neurotic Disorders Questionnaire — symptomatic based on the Rasch metric system are described. The modified questionnaire contains 13 scales. Quality indices of 135 points are in the range of 0,6—1,4. The UMS and WMS quality indices of item No. 42 of the Depression Scale are 0,54 and 0,58, the UMS and WMS quality indices of item No. 7 of the Sexual Impairment Scale are 1,41 and 1,47. Reliability indices within the range of 0,70—0,92, separation indices from 1,40 to 3,47, indices of the number of layers from 3 to 5. Established statistical levels of severity of neurotic symptoms of a modified questionnaire and clinical degrees of severity according to statistical levels of severity of neurotic symptoms are proposed symptoms.

The purpose of this study is to review the scientific literature of recent years on the problem of SARS-CoV-2 infection — genetic variability of the pathogen, organs and cells of the immune system, assessment of function and methods of correction. The problem of SARS-CoV-2 infection, which arose at the end of 2019 in China(Wuhan) and developed into a pandemic, is a pressing problem in 2024. It is important to understand not only the mechanisms of infection and development of the disease, but also to develop effective measures and drugs for prevention. This requires genomic monitoring of the pathogen to assess mutational changes that help evade the T-cell immune response. The molecular-genetic mechanisms of this phenomenon are not fully disclosed. Viruses implement strategies to evade immune factors in a number of ways: a) by shielding surface antigens by adding molecules of complex glycans: b) secretion of fruncated viral glicoproteins that have common epitopes with fragments of the viral spikeS protein; c) blockade of the complement system. Although the main target of the virus is the immune system(bone marrow,thymus, other lymphoid formation, subpopulation of cells), the virus attacks almost all organs and systems of the body(lungs, blood vessels, of the heart, brain, kidneys, pancreas, gonads). Discusses of the diversity of T-lymphocytes subsets, including effector T-cells. Molecular recognition of antigens, thymic injury/ recovery and assessment of T-cell-specific immunity. The difficulties in assessing the effectiveness of a protective specific T-cell immune response are considered.

Objective. The main aim of research is present the results of esophagoplasty in 120 patients with diseases of the esophagus, at the Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery were performed from 1992 to 2023.
Materials and methods. The operated patients were assessed to early surgical and non-surgical complications. Longterm results of surgical treatment were studied using general clinical, endoscopic and radiological methods in 109 patients from 5 months to 18 years after esophageal surgery.
Results. The Republican Scientific and Practical Center of Pediatric Surgery performed 770 operations to restore the esophagus in 120 pediatric patients from 1992 to 2023. Most often, esophageal plasty was performed for esophageal atresia (62,5 %) and post-burn scar stenosis of the esophagus (25,8 %).
Among early postoperative complications failure of the cervical anastomosis was more common — 40 cases (32 %). Late surgical complication, such as cicatricial stenosis of the cervical anastomosis of varying severity, was identified in 34 patients (27,2 %). In the late postoperative period distal segment fibrinous-erosive reflux esophagitis of the native esophagus was detected in 10 patients (9,2 %).
Conclusion. Currently, improved techniques for performing operations to restore the esophagus make it possible to create a fully functioning organ, relieving the child of having an ostomy and completely returning him to normal life and social rehabilitation.

Objective. То analyze the long-term results of surgical treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma using the developed method in a comparative aspect.
Materials and methods. The study material was based on the data of 82 patients diagnosed with sinonasal inverted papilloma: the main (prospective) group included 31 patients operated on using the developed method of surgical treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma, the control (retrospective) group included 51 patients operated on with various methods of surgical treatment in healthcare institutions of the Republic of Belarus from 2010 to 2023, observed at the N. N. Alexandrov National Cancer Centre. The effectiveness of these methods was analyzed based on data on relapse-free survival, length of hospital stay, and the incidence of metachronous malignancy
Results. Analysis of the immediate results of surgical treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma revealed the absence of complications associated with the incision of the soft tissues of the face, the mucous membrane of the vestibule of the mouth, and the intersection of the branches of the infraorbital nerve (anterior and middle superior alveolar nerves) in connection with surgical treatment using an endoscopic endonasal approach.
During observation, relapses of sinonasal inverted papilloma developed in 33 (64,7 %) patients in the retrospective group, and in 5 (16,1 %) patients in the prospective group. 1-year disease-free survival in the study group was 90,3 (SE 5,3), 2-year— 82,3 (SE 7,4), in the control group — 60,8 (SE 6,8), and 54,9 (SE 7,0) respectively The average length of stay in the hospital for patients in the prospective group was 4,5 (95 %CI (3,9—5,2) bed days, versus 6,3 (95 % Cl (5,2—7,5) in the retrospective group, the differences are statistically significant (p=0,027).
In the prospective study group, no cases of metachronous malignancy were recorded; in the retrospective group, metachronous carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 (3,9 %) patients.
Conclusion. A method of surgical treatment of sinonasal inverted papilloma has been developed and implemented, which allows minimizing the trauma of surgical intervention, increasing relapse-free survival compared to previously used methods, reducing the length of patient stay in the hospital; no cases of metachronous malignancy were recorded during the observation period.

The review is dedicated to the history of the formation of the histology cytology and embryology department, pre-war and first post-war years of its work. Information about the heads of department working during these years is provided.